Oral reading fluency passages and WCPM calculator

Time a one-minute read on a leveled passage or on your own text, then tap the last word read to score words correct per minute and accuracy.

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The red kite

Tom had a red kite with a long blue tail. On Sunday, he took it to the park with his dad. The wind was strong, and the trees bent and swayed.

Tom held the string and ran across the grass. The kite went up, and then it fell down. He tried again. This time his dad held the kite up high and let it go. Up it went, over the trees and into the sky.

A girl from the next street came to watch. Her name was Ava. Tom showed her how to pull the string when the kite dipped. Soon Ava had a turn, and the kite stayed up for a long time.

When the sun went down, they wound up the string. Tom was tired, but he was happy. He wanted to come back next week.

Words: 138

Score the read

Tapping a word in the passage

Words correct per minute

0 WCPM

Accuracy
0%
Accuracy band
 

Enter the words read, or tap the last word read, to see the score.

The passages are leveled by sentence and word length, not normed by grade. Compare a reader with their own earlier scores at the same level, and leave decisions about a student to an educator’s assessment.

For miscue analysis and self-correction ratios, use the Running Record Calculator.

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How it works

Time a one-minute read on a leveled passage or on your own text, then tap the last word read to score words correct per minute and accuracy.

The passages are leveled by sentence and word length, not normed by grade. Compare a reader with their own earlier scores at the same level, and leave decisions about a student to an educator’s assessment.

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How to give a one-minute reading check

  1. Choose a passage the student has not practiced. One minute is the standard timing.
  2. Give the student the student copy, on paper or in large text on this screen. Keep the examiner copy for yourself.
  3. Ask the student to read aloud and tell them you will say any word they get stuck on. Start the timer on the first word.
  4. Tap each error as the student reads, or slash it on paper. If the student stops on a word for 3 seconds, say the word and count it as an error.
  5. When time is up, tap the last word read. The score panel shows words correct per minute and accuracy.

The steps follow the oral reading fluency directions in the DIBELS 8th Edition Administration and Scoring Guide, which also allows one prompt only: the word after a 3-second pause.

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What the accuracy band means

The tool places accuracy in one of four bands: 98% or more, 95 to 97%, 90 to 94% and below 90%. These are the categories of the NAEP 2002 special study of oral reading, which recorded 1,779 US fourth graders reading a passage aloud.

In that study, average reading comprehension scores were lower in each lower accuracy band. Below 90% means more than 1 word in 10 was an error, so try an easier passage before drawing conclusions about rate.

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Oral reading fluency norms by grade (US)

Median (50th percentile) words correct per minute for US students reading English, from Hasbrouck and Tindal (2017), An Update to Compiled ORF Norms, Technical Report No. 1702, Behavioral Research and Teaching, University of Oregon. The figures compile almost 6.9 million scores from three US assessments.

50th percentile WCPM, US English readers, grades 1 to 6
Grade Fall Winter Spring
1 Not reported 29 60
2 50 84 100
3 83 97 112
4 94 120 133
5 121 133 146
6 132 145 146

These norms come from the passages used in those assessments, so scores on SpeedReadr passages are a rough comparison only. They do not apply to other languages or to adult readers. The report also lists the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentiles.

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Oral reading fluency questions

How do you score an oral reading fluency passage?

Start timing when the student reads the first word and stop after one minute. Mark each error as the student reads, then mark the last word read. Words correct per minute (WCPM) is the words read minus the errors. Accuracy is the words correct divided by the words read, times 100. This tool does both sums once you enter the last word and the errors.

What counts as an error?

A word is an error when the student mispronounces it, substitutes another word, leaves it out or reads it out of order. A word you supply after a 3-second pause is also an error. Inserted words and repeated words are not counted as errors.

What is the 3-second rule?

If the student stops on a word for 3 seconds, say the word and mark it as an error. The student then keeps reading. The DIBELS 8 guide allows no other prompt during the timed minute. If the student cannot say the first word, supply it after 3 seconds and start the timer.

Do self-corrections count as errors?

No. If the student corrects a word within 3 seconds, it is scored as correct. Write SC above the word on the examiner copy if you want to keep a record of self-corrections.

How often should oral reading fluency be assessed?

Benchmark screening is done up to three times a school year. For students at risk, the DIBELS 8 guide suggests a progress check every 2 weeks from kindergarten to grade 3 and every 2 to 3 weeks from grade 4. It says testing more than once a week is rarely advisable. Use a passage the student has not practiced each time.

What is a good oral reading fluency score by grade?

For US students reading English, the median spring score in Hasbrouck and Tindal's 2017 compiled norms is 60 WCPM in grade 1, 100 in grade 2, 112 in grade 3, 133 in grade 4 and 146 in grades 5 and 6. The norms table on this page also lists fall and winter medians. These norms do not apply to other languages.

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